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A sphygmomanometer is primarily used to measure blood pressure, which is a vital sign indicating the force of blood against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps it around the body. This measurement is essential in assessing cardiovascular health, diagnosing hypertension, and monitoring the effectiveness of treatments prescribed for various heart conditions.

The device typically consists of an inflatable cuff that is wrapped around the upper arm and a measurement gauge. As the cuff inflates, it temporarily stops blood flow in the artery. The pressure within the cuff is then gradually released while listening for specific sounds using a stethoscope or observing readings on the gauge, which indicate the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values.

Understanding blood pressure readings is crucial for healthcare professionals and athletes alike, as it can provide essential insights into an individual's overall health and fitness status, as well as help detect any potential issues early on.