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The absence of one testicle, also known as monorchism, does not typically disqualify an individual from participating in athletic competition. This condition is often considered a variation in anatomical structure rather than a disease or health risk that could impair performance or increase the likelihood of injury.

In contrast, the other conditions can have significant implications for an athlete's health and safety. Renal disease can affect kidney function and the body’s ability to manage hydration and waste, which are crucial for athletic performance. Uncontrolled hypertension poses serious risks, including the potential for cardiovascular events during exertion. Acute mononucleosis carries risks such as splenomegaly, which increases the danger of splenic rupture during physical activity.

Thus, while considerations for participation can differ based on the individual and the sport, the absence of one testicle is generally not a disqualifying factor in competitive athletics.